Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd

Let us listen attentively, dear reader, to Allah’s Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, describing that man:

“I give you the permission to hear my secret, and the barrier shall be removed”[1]… This man used to be with Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… He used to help him put on his shoes, walk with him and in front of him, covered him when he, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, washed himself, and wake him up if he, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, slept… He was known amongst the Sahâbah (companions) who keeps the secret and the Siwâk … ’Abû Mûssah Al ’Ash‘arî said about him: My brother and I came from Yemen, and for some time we continued to consider ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd as one of the members of the family of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, because we used to see him and his mother going in the house of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, very often…

Hudhaifah Ibn Al Yamân, may Allah be pleased with him, -the keeper of Allah’s Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, secret- said about him: I do not know anybody resembling the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, (to some extent) in appearance and conduct more than Ibn ’Um ‘Abd… The Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, companions, knew that Ibn ’Um ‘Abd -’Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd- was from the closest men to Allah… Hudhaifah says: The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Follow Ibn ’Um ‘Abd’s covenant”[2]…

He used to serve the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… One day, he, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, ordered him to climb a tree to bring him something from it… His friends looked at his legs and laughed as they were very thin… Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Why do you laugh!!… For ‘Abdullâh’s legs would weigh more than the weight of ’Uhud[3] mountain on the day of judgment”[4]…

One day, some people sitting at ‘Alî Ibn ’Abî Tâlib’s house said about him: We have never seen a man with better manners, or more gentle in his teaching, or a better companion, or more pious than Ibn Mas‘ûd… ‘Alî Ibn ’Abî Tâlib said: Do you swear by Allah, that you say the truth from the bottoms of your hearts?… They said: Yes… ‘Alî said: O Allah, Be my witness that I say what they say… And that Ibn Mas‘ûd is the best man to read the Qur’ân, the most careful to follow Halâl (Lawful) and forbid Harâm (Unlawful), a knowledgeable in religion, and a scholar in the Sunnah[5]…

That Qur’ân reader that the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, ordered us to take the Qur’ân from him amongst four of the Sahâbah (Companions)… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said about him: “Who would like to read the Qur’ân tenderly and gently, let him read it like Ibn ’Um ‘Abd’s reading”[6]…

He was the man who would stay up all night -when all else was still- reciting the Qur’ân, which sounded like the humming of the bees, till morning dawns…Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said about him: “If I could appoint anyone as a ruler, without counseling, I would appoint Ibn ’Um ‘Abd”[7]…

I was a young boy, taking care of ‘Uqbah Ibn ’Abî Ma‘ît’s sheep… The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, and ’Abû Bakr came to me… The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “O young boy, do you have some milk?”… I said: Yes, but I am trusted upon it!… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Bring me a young goat (nursling) and had not even given birth yet” (Could not have any milk yet)… So I brought him a she goat (Female)…

Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, held the goat down and rubbed its udder and prayed until milk came out… ’Abû Bakr got him a hollow rock to fill it with the milk… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told ’Abû Bakr: “Drink”… So ’Abû Bakr drank, then the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, drank after him… After that, Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told the udder: “Retract”… It retracted to what it was… I told Allah’s Prophet: O Prophet of Allah… teach me from these words -or from that Qur’ân-… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, rubbed my head saying: “You are a boy that shall be taught”.. Ibn Mas‘ûd says: I have learnt from him seventy Qur’ân Sûrahs perfectly that no one could compete with me in learning them…

He, may Allah be pleased with him, says about himself: Muhammad’s companions, Allah’s Prayers and Peace be upon him, knew that I was the most knowledgeable to Allah’s book, but that does not mean I am the best of them all, and if I knew that anyone was more knowledgeable to Allah’s book than I was, I would go out trying to reach him…

He, may Allah be pleased with him, was the first one to read the Qur’ân aloud in Makkah, after Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… One day, the Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, companions gathered and said: By Allah, Quraish[8] has never heard that Qur’ân being read aloud amongst them… Who could be the man that will make them hear it?… ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd said: I will… They said: We fear they would hurt you, we need a man who would be protected by his tribe, if they intend to hurt him!… He said: Let me go… For Allah shall protect me… He reached Maqâm Ibrâhîm[9] (Ibrâhîm’s shrine) before noon, while the men of Quraish were sitting around Al Ka‘bah[10]… He read in a loud voice: [In the Name of Allâh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Most Gracious (Allâh)! He has taught (you mankind) the Qur’ân (by His Mercy).] (Ar-Rahmân, “The Most Gracious”,1-2)… The people started saying: What is Ibn ’Um ‘Abd saying?… Then they said: He is reciting some of what Muhammad says… They got up and started hitting him on his face, but he kept on reading… He returned to his friends with his face all marked with blows, They said: We feared that this would happen to you… He said: I never hated Allah’s enemies as much as I hate them now, and if you wish, I could do the same thing again tomorrow?… They said: Enough… You have told them what they hate…

He, may Allah be pleased with him, immigrated during the two Hijrahs[11] to Ethiopia, then to Al Madînah Al Munawarah… He fought in Badr[12], and killed ’Abû Jahl… He also fought in ’Uhud and witnessed all the conquests with Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… He took part in Bai‘at-ur-Ridwân[13] (pledge of allegiance) and fought in the battle of Yarmûk[14], after Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, died…

He, may Allah be pleased with him, relates to us, he says: Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said to me: “Recite Qur’an to me”… I said to him: Shall I recite (it) to you while it has been revealed to you?!… Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “I like to hear it from another person”…

I read to Him from Sûrat Al Nisâ’ (The women) until I reach: (How (will it be) then, when We bring from each nation a witness and We bring you (O Muhammad, Allâh’s Prayers and Peace be upon him), as a witness against these people? On that day those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger (Muhammad, Allâh’s Prayers and Peace be upon him), will wish that they were buried in the earth, but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allâh). (An-Nisâ’ “The Women”,41-42).

The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told: “Stop”[15]..For then his eyes were full of tears …

As time passes, ‘Umar Ibn Al Khattâb, may Allah be pleased with him becomes a Khalifah[16] (caliph) and he sends Ibn Mas‘ûd to Kûfah[17] with ‘Ammâr Ibn Yâsir… He wrote to its people saying: I have sent ‘Ammâr Ibn Yâsir as a ruler, and ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd as a scholar and an advisor…They are both from the most respectable and knowledgeable of Allah’s Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, companions… They are men who fought in Badr… Therefore, take them as an example and listen to them… By sending you ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd, I am preferring you to myself.

When ‘Uthmân Ibn ‘Affân, may Allah be pleased with him, becomes a Khalifah (caliph), he sends for ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd to come to Al Madînah… ‘Abdullâh falls sick, and ‘Uthmân goes to visit him… He asks him: What are you suffering from?… Ibn Mas‘ûd said: My sins.. ‘Uthmân said: What do you desire?.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: Allah’s mercy.. ‘Uthmân said: Shall I bring you a doctor?.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: The doctor has made me sick.. ‘Uthmân said: Do you need to be provided with some money?.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: I have no need for it.. ‘Uthmân said: It will be kept for your daughters.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: Do you fear that my daughters would be poor?!… I have ordered my daughters to read Sûrat Al Wâqi‘ah (The Event) every night, for I have heard Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, saying: “Whoever reads Sûrat Al Wâqi‘ah (The Event) every night, shall never be a poor”[18]…

The end is near… He is now sixty years and some… One of his friends visits him, he tells him: I have seen you in my dream last night, and I saw the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, standing on a high elevated pulpit, and you were at a lower level… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told you: “O Ibn Mas‘ûd… Come to me, for you have been harshly treated after I died”… Ibn Mas‘ûd told him: By Allah, Have you seen that?!… He said: Yes… Ibn Mas‘ûd told him: I ask you not to leave Al Madînah until you pray in my funeral prayer… He died only a few days later, and was buried at night as he had wished… When ’Abû Ad-Dardâ’, may Allah be pleased with him, knew about his death, he said: No one left behind, will ever be equivalent to him…

One of the best centuries is ended, and a beam of light is extinguished… Leaving behind a great number of Hadîth[19] of the Master of all the Messengers… And thousands of readers who have learnt from his reading, and benefited from his enlightened knowledge throughout the ages…

[A] Siwâk: A piece of a branch or a root of a tree called Al-Arâk used as a toothbrush.

[1] Narrated by Muslim and Ahmad.

[2] Narrated by Ahmad.

[3]’Uhud: A well-known mountain in Al-Madînah. One of the great battles in the Islamic History took place at its foot. The battle is called Ghazwât ’Uhud.

[4] Narrated by Ahmad.

[5] Sunnah: The legal way or ways, orders, acts of worship and statements of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, that have become models to be followed by the Muslims.

[6] Narrated by Al Qazwini.

[7] Narrated by Ahmad.

[8] Quraish: One of the greatest tribes in Arabia in the Pre-Islamic period of Ignorance. Prophet Muhammad, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, belonged to this tribe, which had great powers spiritually and financially both before and after Islâm came.

[9] Maqâm Ibrâhîm: The stone on which Ibrâhîm (Abraham), may Allah be pleased with him, stood while he and Ismâ‘îl (Ishmael), may Allah be pleased with him, were building the Ka‘bah.

[10] Ka‘bah: A square stone building in Al-Masjid-al-Harâm (the great mosque at Makkah) towards which all Muslims face in Salât (prayer).

[11] Hijrah: Literally it means migration. This term is used for: The migration of Muslims from an enemy land to a secure place for religious causes, the first Muslims migration from Makkah to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and later to Al-Madînah, the Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, migration journey from Makkah to Al-Madînah, and the Islamic calendar year which started from the Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, migration journey from Makkah to Al-Madînah.

[12] Badr: A place about 150 k.m. to the South of Al-Madînah where the first great battle in Islamic History took place between the early Muslims and the infidels of Quraish.

[13] Bai‘at-ur-Ridwân: The oath and pledge taken by the Sahâbah (companions) at Al-Hudaibiyah in the year 6 H. to fight Quraish in case they harmed ‘Uthmân, may Allah be pleased with him, who had gone to negotiate with them and reported to have been taken captive.

[14] Yarmûk: A place in Shâ’m.

[15] Narrated by Al Bukhâri.

[16] Khalifah: (Plural: Khulafâ’) Caliph, a successor, an Islamic term used for the first four rulers after the death of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,.

[17] Kûfah: A town in ‘Irâq.

[18] As Ibn Hagar narrated that Al Kashaf said.

[19] Hadîth: The Traditions of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and Peace be upon him, i.e his saying and deeds.

	The Keeper Of The Secret And The Siwâk[A] ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd May Allah be pleased with him
	Back To Main Page Back To Amongst The Prophet’s Companions
	Let us listen attentively, dear reader, to Allah’s Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, describing that man: “I give you the permission to hear my secret, and the barrier shall be removed”[1]… This man used to be with Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… He used to help him put on his shoes, walk with him and in front of him, covered him when he, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, washed himself, and wake him up if he, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, slept… He was known amongst the Sahâbah (companions) who keeps the secret and the Siwâk … ’Abû Mûssah Al ’Ash‘arî said about him: My brother and I came from Yemen, and for some time we continued to consider ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd as one of the members of the family of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, because we used to see him and his mother going in the house of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, very often… Hudhaifah Ibn Al Yamân, may Allah be pleased with him, -the keeper of Allah’s Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, secret- said about him: I do not know anybody resembling the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, (to some extent) in appearance and conduct more than Ibn ’Um ‘Abd… The Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, companions, knew that Ibn ’Um ‘Abd -’Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd- was from the closest men to Allah… Hudhaifah says: The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Follow Ibn ’Um ‘Abd’s covenant”[2]… He used to serve the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… One day, he, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, ordered him to climb a tree to bring him something from it… His friends looked at his legs and laughed as they were very thin… Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Why do you laugh!!… For ‘Abdullâh’s legs would weigh more than the weight of ’Uhud[3] mountain on the day of judgment”[4]… One day, some people sitting at ‘Alî Ibn ’Abî Tâlib’s house said about him: We have never seen a man with better manners, or more gentle in his teaching, or a better companion, or more pious than Ibn Mas‘ûd… ‘Alî Ibn ’Abî Tâlib said: Do you swear by Allah, that you say the truth from the bottoms of your hearts?… They said: Yes… ‘Alî said: O Allah, Be my witness that I say what they say… And that Ibn Mas‘ûd is the best man to read the Qur’ân, the most careful to follow Halâl (Lawful) and forbid Harâm (Unlawful), a knowledgeable in religion, and a scholar in the Sunnah[5]… That Qur’ân reader that the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, ordered us to take the Qur’ân from him amongst four of the Sahâbah (Companions)… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said about him: “Who would like to read the Qur’ân tenderly and gently, let him read it like Ibn ’Um ‘Abd’s reading”[6]… He was the man who would stay up all night -when all else was still- reciting the Qur’ân, which sounded like the humming of the bees, till morning dawns…Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said about him: “If I could appoint anyone as a ruler, without counseling, I would appoint Ibn ’Um ‘Abd”[7]… Let us hear from him the story of how he became a Muslim: I was a young boy, taking care of ‘Uqbah Ibn ’Abî Ma‘ît’s sheep… The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, and ’Abû Bakr came to me… The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “O young boy, do you have some milk?”… I said: Yes, but I am trusted upon it!… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Bring me a young goat (nursling) and had not even given birth yet” (Could not have any milk yet)… So I brought him a she goat (Female)… Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, held the goat down and rubbed its udder and prayed until milk came out… ’Abû Bakr got him a hollow rock to fill it with the milk… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told ’Abû Bakr: “Drink”… So ’Abû Bakr drank, then the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, drank after him… After that, Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told the udder: “Retract”… It retracted to what it was… I told Allah’s Prophet: O Prophet of Allah… teach me from these words -or from that Qur’ân-… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, rubbed my head saying: “You are a boy that shall be taught”.. Ibn Mas‘ûd says: I have learnt from him seventy Qur’ân Sûrahs perfectly that no one could compete with me in learning them… He, may Allah be pleased with him, says about himself: Muhammad’s companions, Allah’s Prayers and Peace be upon him, knew that I was the most knowledgeable to Allah’s book, but that does not mean I am the best of them all, and if I knew that anyone was more knowledgeable to Allah’s book than I was, I would go out trying to reach him… He, may Allah be pleased with him, was the first one to read the Qur’ân aloud in Makkah, after Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… One day, the Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, companions gathered and said: By Allah, Quraish[8] has never heard that Qur’ân being read aloud amongst them… Who could be the man that will make them hear it?… ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd said: I will… They said: We fear they would hurt you, we need a man who would be protected by his tribe, if they intend to hurt him!… He said: Let me go… For Allah shall protect me… He reached Maqâm Ibrâhîm[9] (Ibrâhîm’s shrine) before noon, while the men of Quraish were sitting around Al Ka‘bah[10]… He read in a loud voice: [*In the Name of Allâh, the Most Gracious,* *the Most* Merciful. The Most Gracious (Allâh)! He has taught (you mankind) the Qur’ân (by His Mercy).] (Ar-Rahmân, “The Most Gracious”,1-2)… The people started saying: What is Ibn ’Um ‘Abd saying?… Then they said: He is reciting some of what Muhammad says… They got up and started hitting him on his face, but he kept on reading… He returned to his friends with his face all marked with blows, They said: We feared that this would happen to you… He said: I never hated Allah’s enemies as much as I hate them now, and if you wish, I could do the same thing again tomorrow?… They said: Enough… You have told them what they hate… He, may Allah be pleased with him, immigrated during the two Hijrahs[11] to Ethiopia, then to Al Madînah Al Munawarah… He fought in Badr[12], and killed ’Abû Jahl… He also fought in ’Uhud and witnessed all the conquests with Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,… He took part in Bai‘at-ur-Ridwân[13] (pledge of allegiance) and fought in the battle of Yarmûk[14], after Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, died… He, may Allah be pleased with him, relates to us, he says: Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said to me: “Recite Qur’an to me”… I said to him: Shall I recite (it) to you while it has been revealed to you?!… Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, said: “I like to hear it from another person”… I read to Him from Sûrat Al Nisâ’ (The women) until I reach: (How (will it be) then, when We bring from each nation a witness and We bring you (O Muhammad, Allâh’s Prayers and Peace be upon him), as a witness against these people? On that day those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger (Muhammad, Allâh’s Prayers and Peace be upon him), will wish that they were buried in the earth, but they will never be able to hide a single fact from Allâh). (An-Nisâ’ “The Women”,41-42). The Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told: “Stop”[15]..For then his eyes were full of tears … As time passes, ‘Umar Ibn Al Khattâb, may Allah be pleased with him becomes a Khalifah[16] (caliph) and he sends Ibn Mas‘ûd to Kûfah[17] with ‘Ammâr Ibn Yâsir… He wrote to its people saying: I have sent ‘Ammâr Ibn Yâsir as a ruler, and ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd as a scholar and an advisor…They are both from the most respectable and knowledgeable of Allah’s Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, companions… They are men who fought in Badr… Therefore, take them as an example and listen to them… By sending you ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd, I am preferring you to myself. When ‘Uthmân Ibn ‘Affân, may Allah be pleased with him, becomes a Khalifah (caliph), he sends for ‘Abdullâh Ibn Mas‘ûd to come to Al Madînah… ‘Abdullâh falls sick, and ‘Uthmân goes to visit him… He asks him: What are you suffering from?… Ibn Mas‘ûd said: My sins.. ‘Uthmân said: What do you desire?.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: Allah’s mercy.. ‘Uthmân said: Shall I bring you a doctor?.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: The doctor has made me sick.. ‘Uthmân said: Do you need to be provided with some money?.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: I have no need for it.. ‘Uthmân said: It will be kept for your daughters.. Ibn Mas‘ûd said: Do you fear that my daughters would be poor?!… I have ordered my daughters to read Sûrat Al Wâqi‘ah (The Event) every night, for I have heard Allah’s Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, saying: “Whoever reads Sûrat Al Wâqi‘ah (The Event) every night, shall never be a poor”[18]… The end is near… He is now sixty years and some… One of his friends visits him, he tells him: I have seen you in my dream last night, and I saw the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, standing on a high elevated pulpit, and you were at a lower level… He, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, told you: “O Ibn Mas‘ûd… Come to me, for you have been harshly treated after I died”… Ibn Mas‘ûd told him: By Allah, Have you seen that?!… He said: Yes… Ibn Mas‘ûd told him: I ask you not to leave Al Madînah until you pray in my funeral prayer… He died only a few days later, and was buried at night as he had wished… When ’Abû Ad-Dardâ’, may Allah be pleased with him, knew about his death, he said: No one left behind, will ever be equivalent to him… One of the best centuries is ended, and a beam of light is extinguished… Leaving behind a great number of Hadîth[19] of the Master of all the Messengers… And thousands of readers who have learnt from his reading, and benefited from his enlightened knowledge throughout the ages… Back To Main Page Back To Amongst The Prophet’s Companions [A] Siwâk: A piece of a branch or a root of a tree called Al-Arâk used as a toothbrush. [1] Narrated by Muslim and Ahmad. [2] Narrated by Ahmad. [3]’Uhud: A well-known mountain in Al-Madînah. One of the great battles in the Islamic History took place at its foot. The battle is called Ghazwât ’Uhud. [4] Narrated by Ahmad. [5] Sunnah: The legal way or ways, orders, acts of worship and statements of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, that have become models to be followed by the Muslims. [6] Narrated by Al Qazwini. [7] Narrated by Ahmad. [8] Quraish: One of the greatest tribes in Arabia in the Pre-Islamic period of Ignorance. Prophet Muhammad, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, belonged to this tribe, which had great powers spiritually and financially both before and after Islâm came. [9] Maqâm Ibrâhîm: The stone on which Ibrâhîm (Abraham), may Allah be pleased with him, stood while he and Ismâ‘îl (Ishmael), may Allah be pleased with him, were building the Ka‘bah. [10] Ka‘bah: A square stone building in Al-Masjid-al-Harâm (the great mosque at Makkah) towards which all Muslims face in Salât (prayer). [11] Hijrah: Literally it means migration. This term is used for: The migration of Muslims from an enemy land to a secure place for religious causes, the first Muslims migration from Makkah to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and later to Al-Madînah, the Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, migration journey from Makkah to Al-Madînah, and the Islamic calendar year which started from the Prophet’s, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him, migration journey from Makkah to Al-Madînah. [12] Badr: A place about 150 k.m. to the South of Al-Madînah where the first great battle in Islamic History took place between the early Muslims and the infidels of Quraish. [13] Bai‘at-ur-Ridwân: The oath and pledge taken by the Sahâbah (companions) at Al-Hudaibiyah in the year 6 H. to fight Quraish in case they harmed ‘Uthmân, may Allah be pleased with him, who had gone to negotiate with them and reported to have been taken captive. [14] Yarmûk: A place in Shâ’m. [15] Narrated by Al Bukhâri. [16] Khalifah: (Plural: Khulafâ’) Caliph, a successor, an Islamic term used for the first four rulers after the death of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and peace be upon him,. [17] Kûfah: A town in ‘Irâq. [18] As Ibn Hagar narrated that Al Kashaf said. [19] Hadîth: The Traditions of the Prophet, Allah’s Prayers and Peace be upon him, i.e his saying and deeds.

May Allah be pleased with him